Our previous work on the mechanism of virulence for the unique isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus that cause acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (VPAHPND) revealed that it was mediated by a binary Pir-like toxin pair ToxA and ToxB. These toxins are located on the pVA plasmid. a plasmid carried by AHPND-causing strain of V. parahaemolyticus with a size of approximately 69 kbp. https://www.roneverhart.com/Corvette-Door-Panel-Skin-Black-RH-1969/